Wikipedia reports that since 2001 pine nuts from China and Pakistan have been known to cause serious, if only temporary, taste disorders. A bitter metallic taste can occur and last from days to weeks. Incidentally, cedar nuts are a variety of pine nuts that come from Siberian. They contain an average of 59.9% fat, 16.6% protein, and 12.4% carbohydrates.
General information:
From Wikipedia: “Pine nuts are the edible seeds of pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus). About 20 species of pine produce seeds large enough to be worth harvesting; in other pines the seeds are also edible, but are too small to be of notable value as a human food.”
Culinary uses:
“Pine nuts have been eaten in Europe and Asia since the Paleolithic period. They are frequently added to meat, fish, salads and vegetable dishes or baked into bread.
In Italian they are called pinoli (in the US they are often called pignoli, but in Italy pignolo is actually a word far more commonly used to describe a fussy, overly fastidious or extremely meticulous person) and are an essential component of Italian pesto sauce; the upsurge in the popularity of this sauce since the 1990s has increased the visibility of the nut in America, primarily on the West Coast. Torta della nonna (literally "granny's cake") is a generic Italian dish name that in most families indicates an old family recipe for any kind of cake but often is used for a tart or a pie filled with custard, topped with pine nuts and optionally dusted with icing sugar. Pignoli cookies, an Italian American specialty confection (in Italy these would be called biscotti ai pinoli), are made of almond flour formed into a dough similar to that of a macaroon and then topped with pine nuts. ...
Throughout Europe and Middle East the pine nuts used are traditionally from Pinus pinea (stone pine). They are easily distinguished from the Asian pine nuts by their more slender shape and more homogeneous flesh. Because of the lower price, Asian pine nuts are also often used, especially in cheaper preparations. Pine nuts contain thiamine (vitamin B1) and protein.
Pine nut coffee, known as piñón (Spanish for pine nut), is a specialty found in the southwest United States, especially New Mexico, and is typically a dark roast coffee having a deep, nutty flavor; roasted and lightly salted pine nuts can often be found sold on the side of the road in cities across New Mexico to be used for this purpose, as well as a snack.”
Pine nut oil:
“Pine nuts can be pressed to extract pine nut oil, which is valued for its mild, nutty flavor. One study indicates that Korean pine nut oil may suppress appetite.”
Taste disturbances:
“Pine nuts can cause taste disturbances, lasting from a few days to a few weeks after consumption. A bitter, metallic, unpleasant taste is reported. There are no known lasting effects, with the FDA reporting that there are "no apparent adverse clinical side effects". This phenomenon was first described in a scientific paper in 2001. Publications have made reference to this phenomenon as "pine nut syndrome" (PNS), or as "pine mouth".
The Nestlé Research Centre has hypothesized that nuts from Pinus armandii, which occurs mostly in China, are the cause of the problem. The nuts of this species are smaller, duller, and more rounded than typical pine nuts. A 2011 study found results consistent with this hypothesis and also suggested that chemicals used in the shelling process might be responsible.
Metallic taste disturbance, known as metallogeusia, is typically reported 1–3 days after ingestion, being worse on day two and typically lasting up to two weeks. Cases are self-limited and resolve without treatment. Möller has postulated a hypothesis—to explain both the delayed onset of, and the long-lasting nature of, the metallic or bitter taste sensation—involving a well-known physiological process known as enterohepatic recirculation (EHR), which Möller describes as a "remove-recycle-repeat" digestive process where toxins could potentially circulate through the digestive tract multiple times.”
Other uses:
“Pine nuts have long been a dietary staple in some Native American tribes. Today, though some tribes still use pine nuts in traditional cooking, others use the hard outer shell of the pine nut as a bead for decorative purposes in traditional regalia and jewelry. In the Great Basin area of the US, collecting pine nuts is a protected right through state law and treaty.
In the northern California regions, pine nuts are collected from the Grey Pine (or Bull Pine.) Tribes burn designs into the hard shell, reflecting the same design they use in baskets, however oftentimes they are left in blank, or burned to blacken. These are more often used in women's regalia and jewelry.”
Nutrient tables
The complete nutritional information, coverage of the daily requirement and comparison values with other ingredients can be found in the following nutrient tables.
Nutritional Information per 100g
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2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
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Energy | 673 kcal 2'816 kJ | 33.7% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 2000kcal |
Fat/Lipids | 68 g | 97.7% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 70g |
Saturated Fats | 4.9 g | 24.5% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 20g |
Carbohydrates (inc.dietary fiber) | 13 g | 4.8% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 270g |
Sugars | 3.6 g | 4.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 90g |
Fiber | 3.7 g | 14.8% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 25g |
Protein (albumin) | 14 g | 27.4% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 50g |
Cooking Salt (Na:2.0 mg) | 5.1 mg | 0.2% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 2.4g |
Essential Nutrients per 100g with %-share Daily Requirement at 2000 kcal | |||
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Min | Manganese, Mn | 8.8 mg | 440.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2.0 mg |
Fat | Linoleic acid; LA; 18:2 omega-6 | 23 g | 235.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 10 g |
Min | Copper, Cu | 1.3 mg | 132.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.0 mg |
Elem | Phosphorus, P | 575 mg | 82.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 700 mg |
Vit | Vitamin E, as a-TEs | 9.3 mg | 78.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 12 mg |
Vit | Vitamin K | 54 µg | 72.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 75 µg |
Elem | Magnesium, Mg | 251 mg | 67.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 375 mg |
Min | Zinc, Zn | 6.4 mg | 65.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 10 mg |
Prot | Isoleucine (Ile, I) | 0.54 g | 44.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.2 g |
Prot | Tryptophan (Trp, W) | 0.11 g | 43.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.25 g |
Detailed Nutritional Information per 100g for this Ingredient
Explanations
The majority of the nutritional information comes from the USDA (US Department of Agriculture). This means that the information for natural products is often incomplete or only given within broader categories, whereas in most cases products made from these have more complete information displayed.
If we take flaxseed, for example, the important essential amino acid ALA (omega-3) is only included in an overarching category whereas for flaxseed oil ALA is listed specifically. In time, we will be able to change this, but it will require a lot of work. An “i” appears behind ingredients that have been adjusted and an explanation appears when you hover over this symbol.
For Erb Muesli, the original calculations resulted in 48 % of the daily requirement of ALA — but with the correction, we see that the muesli actually covers >100 % of the necessary recommendation for the omega-3 fatty acid ALA. Our goal is to eventually be able to compare the nutritional value of our recipes with those that are used in conventional western lifestyles.
Nutritional Information per 100g
Essential fatty acids, (SC-PUFA) |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
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Linoleic acid; LA; 18:2 omega-6 | 23 g | 235.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 10 g |
Alpha-Linolenic acid; ALA; 18:3 omega-3 | 0.11 g | 6.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 2.0 g |
Nutritional Information per 100g
Essential amino acids |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
|
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Isoleucine (Ile, I) | 0.54 g | 44.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.2 g |
Tryptophan (Trp, W) | 0.11 g | 43.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.25 g |
Valine (Val, V) | 0.69 g | 43.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.6 g |
Leucine (Leu, L) | 0.99 g | 41.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 2.4 g |
Threonine (Thr, T) | 0.37 g | 40.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Phenylalanine (Phe, F) | 0.52 g | 34.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.6 g |
Lysine (Lys, K) | 0.54 g | 29.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.9 g |
Methionine (Met, M) | 0.26 g | 28.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Nutritional Information per 100g
Vitamins |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
|
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Vitamin E, as a-TEs | 9.3 mg | 78.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 12 mg |
Vitamin K | 54 µg | 72.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 75 µg |
Thiamine (vitamin B1) | 0.36 mg | 33.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.1 mg |
Niacin (née vitamin B3) | 4.4 mg | 27.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 16 mg |
Biotin (ex vitamin B7, H) | 10 µg | 20.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 50 µg |
Folate, as the active form of folic acid (née vitamin B9 and | 34 µg | 17.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 200 µg |
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | 0.23 mg | 16.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | 0.09 mg | 7.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) | 0.31 mg | 5.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 6.0 mg |
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | 0.80 mg | 1.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 80 mg |
Vitamin A, as RAE | 1.0 µg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 µg |
Vitamin D | 0 µg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 5.0 µg |
Nutritional Information per 100g
Essential macroelements (macronutrients) |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
|
---|---|---|
Phosphorus, P | 575 mg | 82.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 700 mg |
Magnesium, Mg | 251 mg | 67.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 375 mg |
Potassium, K | 597 mg | 30.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2'000 mg |
Calcium, Ca | 16 mg | 2.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 mg |
Sodium, Na | 2.0 mg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 mg |
Nutritional Information per 100g
Essential trace elements (micronutrients) |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
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Manganese, Mn | 8.8 mg | 440.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2.0 mg |
Copper, Cu | 1.3 mg | 132.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.0 mg |
Zinc, Zn | 6.4 mg | 65.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 10 mg |
Iron, Fe | 5.5 mg | 40.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 14 mg |
Selenium, Se | 0.70 µg | 1.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 55 µg |
Iod, I (Jod, J) | 2.0 µg | 1.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 150 µg |
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