Button mushrooms are actually just one species of the more than 200 species in the genus Agaricus. They are bisporous mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus syn. Agaricus brunnecens and Agaricus hortensis).
General information about mushrooms:
From “en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaricus”: “Agaricus is a genus of mushrooms containing both edible and poisonous species, with possibly over 300 members worldwide. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and the field mushroom (Agaricus campestris), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West.
Members of Agaricus are characterized by having a fleshy cap or pileus, from the underside of which grow a number of radiating plates or gills on which are produced the naked spores. They are distinguished from other members of their family, Agaricaceae, by their chocolate-brown spores. Members of Agaricus also have a stem or stipe, which elevates it above the object on which the mushroom grows, or substrate, and a partial veil, which protects the developing gills and later forms a ring or annulus on the stalk.”
General information (Agarius bisporous):
From Wikipedia: “Agaricus bisporus is an edible asidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands in Europe and North America. It has two color states while immature—white and brown—both of which have various names. When mature, it is known as portobello mushroom, often shortened to just portobello.
When immature and white, this mushroom may be known as common mushroom, button mushroom, white mushroom, cultivated mushroom, table mushroom, and champignon mushroom. When immature and brown, this mushroom may be known variously as Swiss brown mushroom, Roman brown mushroom, Italian brown, Italian mushroom, cremini or crimini mushroom, brown cap mushroom, or chestnut mushroom.”
Nutritional value (button mushrooms):
“In a 100-gram serving, raw white mushrooms provide 93 kilojoules (22 kilocalories) of food energy and are an excellent source of the B vitamins, riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid. Fresh mushrooms are also a good source (10–19% DV) of the dietary mineral, phosphorus.
While fresh A. bisporus only contains 0.2 micrograms (8 IU) of vitamin D as "ergocalcifer.." (vitamin D2), the "ergocalcifer.." content increases substantially after exposure to UV light.”
Other varieties of button mushrooms:
“It is the most common edible mushroom in the world and is cultivated in a number of different sizes and color variations. ... Pavement mushrooms (Agarius bitorquis) can have a very similar appearance. Clustered mushrooms (A. cappellianus) have a brown cap and hanging ring. Coastal mushrooms (A. litoralis) also have a hanging ring. ... There are a number of additional cultivated varieties.*”
Distribution:
“A. bisporus is now cultivated in at least seventy countries throughout the world. Global production in the early 1990s was reported to be more than 1.5 million tons, worth more than US$2 billion.”
“This mushroom is commonly found worldwide in fields and grassy areas following rain, from late spring through to autumn, especially in association with manure. It is widely collected and eaten, even by those who would not normally experiment with mushroom hunting.”
Interesting Facts:
“Button mushrooms are the most important cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. They were first cultivated at the time of Ludwig the XIV in Paris by Olivier de Serres. Thanks to the high levels of vitamins, protein, and fiber, the low fat content, and the resulting low caloric value, mushrooms offer many health benefits.*”
Note (italics): * = Translation from a German Wikipedia entry
Nutrient tables
The complete nutritional information, coverage of the daily requirement and comparison values with other ingredients can be found in the following nutrient tables.
Nutritional Information
|
per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Energy | 22 kcal 92 kJ | 1.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 2000kcal |
Fat/Lipids | 0.34 g | 0.5% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 70g |
Saturated Fats | 0.05 g | 0.2% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 20g |
Carbohydrates (inc.dietary fiber) | 3.3 g | 1.2% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 270g |
Sugars | 2.0 g | 2.2% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 90g |
Fiber | 1.0 g | 4.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 25g |
Protein/Albumin | 3.1 g | 6.2% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 50g |
Cooking Salt (Na:5.0 mg) | 13 mg | 0.5% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 2.4g |
Essential micronutrients with the highest proportions | per 100g | 2000 kcal | |
---|---|---|---|
Vit | Biotin (ex vitamin B7, H) | 16 µg | 32.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 50 µg |
Min | Copper, Cu | 0.32 mg | 32.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.0 mg |
Vit | Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | 0.40 mg | 29.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Vit | Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) | 1.5 mg | 25.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 6.0 mg |
Vit | Niacin (née vitamin B3) | 3.6 mg | 23.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 16 mg |
Min | Selenium, Se | 9.3 µg | 17.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 55 µg |
Elem | Potassium, K | 318 mg | 16.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2'000 mg |
Prot | Tryptophan (Trp, W) | 0.04 g | 14.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.25 g |
Prot | Valine (Val, V) | 0.23 g | 14.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.6 g |
Elem | Phosphorus, P | 86 mg | 12.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 700 mg |
Detailed micronutrients and daily requirement coverage per 100g
Explanations of nutrient tables in general
The majority of the nutritional information comes from the USDA (US Department of Agriculture). This means that the information for natural products is often incomplete or only given within broader categories, whereas in most cases products made from these have more complete information displayed.
If we take flaxseed, for example, the important essential amino acid ALA (omega-3) is only included in an overarching category whereas for flaxseed oil ALA is listed specifically. In time, we will be able to change this, but it will require a lot of work. An “i” appears behind ingredients that have been adjusted and an explanation appears when you hover over this symbol.
For Erb Muesli, the original calculations resulted in 48 % of the daily requirement of ALA — but with the correction, we see that the muesli actually covers >100 % of the necessary recommendation for the omega-3 fatty acid ALA. Our goal is to eventually be able to compare the nutritional value of our recipes with those that are used in conventional western lifestyles.
Essential fatty acids | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Linoleic acid; LA; 18:2 omega-6 | 0.16 g | 2.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 10 g |
Alpha-Linolenic acid; ALA; 18:3 omega-3 | 0 g | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 2.0 g |
Essential amino acids | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Tryptophan (Trp, W) | 0.04 g | 14.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.25 g |
Valine (Val, V) | 0.23 g | 14.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.6 g |
Threonine (Thr, T) | 0.11 g | 12.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Isoleucine (Ile, I) | 0.08 g | 6.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.2 g |
Lysine (Lys, K) | 0.11 g | 6.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.9 g |
Leucine (Leu, L) | 0.12 g | 5.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 2.4 g |
Phenylalanine (Phe, F) | 0.08 g | 5.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.6 g |
Methionine (Met, M) | 0.03 g | 3.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Vitamins | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Biotin (ex vitamin B7, H) | 16 µg | 32.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 50 µg |
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | 0.40 mg | 29.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) | 1.5 mg | 25.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 6.0 mg |
Niacin (née vitamin B3) | 3.6 mg | 23.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 16 mg |
Folate, as the active form of folic acid (née vitamin B9 and | 17 µg | 9.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 200 µg |
Thiamine (vitamin B1) | 0.08 mg | 7.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.1 mg |
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | 0.10 mg | 7.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Vitamin D | 0.20 µg | 4.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 5.0 µg |
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | 2.1 mg | 3.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 80 mg |
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) | 0.04 µg | 2.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2.5 µg |
Vitamin K | 1.0 µg | 1.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 75 µg |
Vitamin A, as RAE | 0 µg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 µg |
Vitamin E, as a-TEs | 0.01 mg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 12 mg |
Essential macroelements (macronutrients) | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Potassium, K | 318 mg | 16.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2'000 mg |
Phosphorus, P | 86 mg | 12.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 700 mg |
Magnesium, Mg | 9.0 mg | 2.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 375 mg |
Sodium, Na | 5.0 mg | 1.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 mg |
Calcium, Ca | 3.0 mg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 mg |
Essential trace elements (micronutrients) | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Copper, Cu | 0.32 mg | 32.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.0 mg |
Selenium, Se | 9.3 µg | 17.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 55 µg |
Iod, I (Jod, J) | 18 µg | 12.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 150 µg |
Zinc, Zn | 0.52 mg | 5.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 10 mg |
Iron, Fe | 0.50 mg | 4.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 14 mg |
Manganese, Mn | 0.05 mg | 2.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2.0 mg |
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