General information:
From Wikipedia: “Hazelnut is the nut of the hazel and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana. It is also known as cobnut or filbert nut according to species. A cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in) long and 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding a smooth shell. A filbert is more elongated, being about twice as long as its diameter. The nut falls out of the husk when ripe, about 7 to 8 months after pollination. The kernel of the seed is edible and used raw or roasted, or ground into a paste. The seed has a thin, dark brown skin, which is sometimes removed before cooking.”
Historical cultivation:
“In 1995, evidence of large-scale Mesolithic nut processing, some 9,000 years old, was found in a midden pit on the island of Colonsay in Scotland. The evidence consists of a large, shallow pit full of the remains of hundreds of thousands of burned hazelnut shells. Hazelnuts have been found on other Mesolithic sites, but rarely in such quantities or concentrated in one pit.”
Modern cultivation:
“The harvesting of hazelnuts is done either by hand or by manual or mechanical raking of fallen nuts. Common hazel is widely cultivated for its nuts, including in commercial orchards in Europe, Turkey, Iran, and the Caucasus. ...
Hazelnuts are produced in commercial quantities in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Italy, Greece, Cyprus, Georgia, Serbia, in the south of the Spanish region of Catalonia, in the UK county of Kent, and in the American states of Oregon and Washington, and south western British Columbia Canada.”
Largest export countries:
“The top producer of hazelnuts, by a large margin, is Turkey, specifically Giresun Province and Ordu. Turkish hazelnut production of 625,000 tonnes (689,000 short tons) accounts for around 75% of worldwide production. Ferrero SpA, the producers of Nutella and Ferrero Rocher, consumes 25% of the global supply.”
Italy is the second largest export country of hazelnuts.
Nutritional value:
“In a 100-gram serving, raw hazelnuts supply 2,630 kilojoules (628 kcal) and are a rich source (> 19% of the Daily Value, DV) of numerous essential nutrients. Particularly in high amounts are protein, dietary fiber, vitamin E, thiamin, phosphorus, manganese, and magnesium, all exceeding 30% DV. Several B vitamins have appreciable content. In lesser but still significant amounts (moderate content, 10-19% DV) are vitamin K, calcium, zinc, and potassium. Hazelnuts are a significant source of total fat, accounting for 93% DV in a 100-gram serving. The fat components are monounsaturated fat as oleic acid (75% of total), polyunsaturated fat mainly as linoleic acid (13% of total) and saturated fat, mainly as palmitic acid and stearic acid (together, 7% of total).”
Culinary uses:
“Hazelnuts are used in confectionery to make pralines, in chocolate for chocolate truffles, and in hazelnut paste products. In Austria, hazelnut paste is an ingredient for making tortes, such as Viennese hazelnut torte. In Kiev cake, hazelnut flour is used to flavor its meringue body, and crushed hazelnuts are sprinkled over its sides. Dacquoise, a French dessert cake, often contains a layer of hazelnut meringue. Hazelnuts are used in Turkish cuisine and Georgian cuisine; the snack churchkhela and sauce satsivi are used, often with walnuts. The nuts may be eaten when fresh or dried which produces a different flavor.”
Interesting facts:
“Hazelnut is a primary ingredient of the vodka-based liqueur, frangelico.
Over 2,000 tonnes (2,200 tons) are imported annually into Australia, mostly to supply the demand from the Cadbury-Schweppes company Ferrero.”
Nutrient tables
The complete nutritional information, coverage of the daily requirement and comparison values with other ingredients can be found in the following nutrient tables.
Nutritional Information
|
per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
|
---|---|---|---|
Energy | 628 kcal 2'628 kJ | 31.4% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 2000kcal | |
Fat/Lipids | 61 g | 86.8% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 70g | |
Saturated Fats | 4.5 g | 22.3% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 20g | |
Carbohydrates (inc.dietary fiber) | 17 g | 6.2% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 270g | |
Sugars | 4.3 g | 4.8% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 90g | |
Fiber | 9.7 g | 38.8% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 25g | |
Protein/Albumin | 15 g | 29.9% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 50g | |
Cooking Salt | n/a |
Essential micronutrients with the highest proportions | per 100g | 2000 kcal | |
---|---|---|---|
Min | Manganese, Mn | 6.2 mg | 309.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2.0 mg |
Min | Copper, Cu | 1.7 mg | 173.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.0 mg |
Vit | Vitamin E, as a-TEs | 15 mg | 125.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 12 mg |
Vit | Biotin (ex vitamin B7, H) | 62 µg | 123.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 50 µg |
Prot | Tryptophan (Trp, W) | 0.19 g | 78.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.25 g |
Fat | Linoleic acid; LA; 18:2 omega-6 | 7.1 g | 71.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 10 g |
Vit | Thiamine (vitamin B1) | 0.64 mg | 58.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.1 mg |
Vit | Folate, as the active form of folic acid (née vitamin B9 and | 113 µg | 57.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 200 µg |
Prot | Threonine (Thr, T) | 0.50 g | 53.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Prot | Isoleucine (Ile, I) | 0.54 g | 44.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.2 g |
Detailed micronutrients and daily requirement coverage per 100g
Explanations of nutrient tables in general
The majority of the nutritional information comes from the USDA (US Department of Agriculture). This means that the information for natural products is often incomplete or only given within broader categories, whereas in most cases products made from these have more complete information displayed.
If we take flaxseed, for example, the important essential amino acid ALA (omega-3) is only included in an overarching category whereas for flaxseed oil ALA is listed specifically. In time, we will be able to change this, but it will require a lot of work. An “i” appears behind ingredients that have been adjusted and an explanation appears when you hover over this symbol.
For Erb Muesli, the original calculations resulted in 48 % of the daily requirement of ALA — but with the correction, we see that the muesli actually covers >100 % of the necessary recommendation for the omega-3 fatty acid ALA. Our goal is to eventually be able to compare the nutritional value of our recipes with those that are used in conventional western lifestyles.
Essential fatty acids | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Linoleic acid; LA; 18:2 omega-6 | 7.1 g | 71.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 10 g |
Alpha-Linolenic acid; ALA; 18:3 omega-3 | 0.09 g | 4.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 2.0 g |
Essential amino acids | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Tryptophan (Trp, W) | 0.19 g | 78.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.25 g |
Threonine (Thr, T) | 0.50 g | 53.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Isoleucine (Ile, I) | 0.54 g | 44.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.2 g |
Leucine (Leu, L) | 1.1 g | 44.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 2.4 g |
Phenylalanine (Phe, F) | 0.66 g | 43.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.6 g |
Valine (Val, V) | 0.70 g | 43.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.6 g |
Methionine (Met, M) | 0.22 g | 24.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Lysine (Lys, K) | 0.42 g | 23.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.9 g |
Vitamins | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Vitamin E, as a-TEs | 15 mg | 125.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 12 mg |
Biotin (ex vitamin B7, H) | 62 µg | 123.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 50 µg |
Thiamine (vitamin B1) | 0.64 mg | 58.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.1 mg |
Folate, as the active form of folic acid (née vitamin B9 and | 113 µg | 57.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 200 µg |
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | 0.56 mg | 40.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Vitamin K | 14 µg | 19.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 75 µg |
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) | 0.92 mg | 15.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 6.0 mg |
Niacin (née vitamin B3) | 1.8 mg | 11.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 16 mg |
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | 6.3 mg | 8.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 80 mg |
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | 0.11 mg | 8.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Vitamin A, as RAE | 1.0 µg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 µg |
Vitamin D | 0 µg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 5.0 µg |
Essential macroelements (macronutrients) | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Magnesium, Mg | 163 mg | 43.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 375 mg |
Phosphorus, P | 290 mg | 41.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 700 mg |
Potassium, K | 680 mg | 34.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2'000 mg |
Calcium, Ca | 114 mg | 14.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 mg |
Sodium, Na | 0 mg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 mg |
Essential trace elements (micronutrients) | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Manganese, Mn | 6.2 mg | 309.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2.0 mg |
Copper, Cu | 1.7 mg | 173.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.0 mg |
Iron, Fe | 4.7 mg | 34.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 14 mg |
Zinc, Zn | 2.4 mg | 25.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 10 mg |
Selenium, Se | 2.4 µg | 4.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 55 µg |
Iod, I (Jod, J) | 1.0 µg | 1.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 150 µg |
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