Alongside numerous wild varieties, there are a wide range of cultivated (chili) peppers. Capsicum annum, which is most commonly used, is available in varieties ranging from a mild bell pepper to a hot pepper and in sizes from barely pea-sized to up to 25 cm long — and also comes in a wide range of colors and shapes.
General information:
From Wikipedia: “Capsicum /ˈkæpsᵻkəm/ (also known as peppers) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Its species are native to the Americas, where they have been cultivated for thousands of years.
Following the Columbian Exchange, it has become cultivated worldwide, and it has also become a key element in many cuisines. In addition to use as spices and food vegetables, Capsicum species have also been used as medicines and lachrymatory agents.”
Etymology and names:
“The generic name may come from Latin capsa 'box', presumably alluding to the pods or the Greek word κάπτω kapto 'to gulp'. The name "pepper" comes from the similarity of the flavor to black pepper, Pipernigrum, although there is no botanical relationship with it or with Sichuan pepper. The original term, chilli (now chile in Mexico) came from the Nahuatl word chilli, denoting a larger Capsicum variety cultivated at least since 3000 BC, as evidenced by remains found in pottery from Puebla and Oaxaca.
The fruit of Capsicum plants have a variety of names depending on place and type. The piquant (spicy) varieties are commonly called chili peppers, or simply "chillies". The large, mild form is called red pepper, green pepper, or bell pepper in North America and United Kingdom and typically "capsicum" in New Zealand, Australia, Singapore and India. The fruit is called paprika in some other countries (although paprika can also refer to the powdered spice made from various capsicum fruit).”
Species and varieties:
“Capsicum consists of 20–27 species, five of which are domesticated: C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, and C. pubescens. ...
Many varieties of the same species can be used in many different ways; for example, C. annuum includes the "bell pepper" variety, which is sold in both its immature green state and its red, yellow, or orange ripe state. This same species has other varieties, as well, such as the Anaheim chiles often used for stuffing, the dried ancho (also sometimes referred to as poblano) chile used to make chili powder, the mild-to-hot jalapeño, and the smoked, ripe jalapeño, known as chipotle.”
Hot peppers:
“Most of the capsaicin in a pungent (hot) pepper is concentrated in blisters on the epidermis of the interior ribs (septa) that divide the chambers, or locules, of the fruit to which the seeds are attached ...
The amount of capsaicin in hot peppers varies significantly among varieties, and is measured in Scoville heat units (SHU). The world's current hottest known pepper as rated in SHU is the 'Carolina Reaper,' which had been measured at over 2,200,000 SHU.”
Nutritional value:
“Peppers are incredibly nutritious. They have more Vitamin C than an orange, and a typical bell pepper contains more than 100% of the daily recommended value for Vitamin C. They also have relatively high amounts of Vitamin B6. Fresh fruit is 94% water. Dried pepper fruit has a much different nutritional value due to the dehydration and concentration of vitamins and minerals.”
Nutrient tables
The complete nutritional information, coverage of the daily requirement and comparison values with other ingredients can be found in the following nutrient tables.
Nutritional Information
|
per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Energy | 324 kcal 1'356 kJ | 16.2% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 2000kcal |
Fat/Lipids | 5.8 g | 8.3% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 70g |
Saturated Fats | 0.81 g | 4.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 20g |
Carbohydrates (inc.dietary fiber) | 70 g | 25.9% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 270g |
Sugars | 41 g | 45.6% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 90g |
Fiber | 29 g | 114.8% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 25g |
Protein/Albumin | 11 g | 21.2% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 50g |
Cooking Salt (Na:91.0 mg) | 231 mg | 9.6% Recommended daily allowance according to the GDA: 2.4g |
Essential micronutrients with the highest proportions | per 100g | 2000 kcal | |
---|---|---|---|
Vit | Vitamin A, as RAE | 1'324 µg | 166.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 µg |
Vit | Vitamin K | 108 µg | 144.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 75 µg |
Elem | Potassium, K | 1'870 mg | 94.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2'000 mg |
Vit | Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | 1.2 mg | 86.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Vit | Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | 0.81 mg | 58.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Prot | Tryptophan (Trp, W) | 0.14 g | 54.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.25 g |
Vit | Niacin (née vitamin B3) | 8.7 mg | 54.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 16 mg |
Min | Iron, Fe | 6.0 mg | 43.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 14 mg |
Prot | Threonine (Thr, T) | 0.39 g | 42.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Min | Manganese, Mn | 0.82 mg | 41.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2.0 mg |
Detailed micronutrients and daily requirement coverage per 100g
Explanations of nutrient tables in general
The majority of the nutritional information comes from the USDA (US Department of Agriculture). This means that the information for natural products is often incomplete or only given within broader categories, whereas in most cases products made from these have more complete information displayed.
If we take flaxseed, for example, the important essential amino acid ALA (omega-3) is only included in an overarching category whereas for flaxseed oil ALA is listed specifically. In time, we will be able to change this, but it will require a lot of work. An “i” appears behind ingredients that have been adjusted and an explanation appears when you hover over this symbol.
For Erb Muesli, the original calculations resulted in 48 % of the daily requirement of ALA — but with the correction, we see that the muesli actually covers >100 % of the necessary recommendation for the omega-3 fatty acid ALA. Our goal is to eventually be able to compare the nutritional value of our recipes with those that are used in conventional western lifestyles.
Essential fatty acids | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Linoleic acid; LA; 18:2 omega-6 | 3.1 g | 31.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 10 g |
Alpha-Linolenic acid; ALA; 18:3 omega-3 | 0.02 g | 1.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the CH-EDI-Verordnung: 2.0 g |
Essential amino acids | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Tryptophan (Trp, W) | 0.14 g | 54.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.25 g |
Threonine (Thr, T) | 0.39 g | 42.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Isoleucine (Ile, I) | 0.34 g | 28.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.2 g |
Valine (Val, V) | 0.45 g | 28.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.6 g |
Lysine (Lys, K) | 0.47 g | 25.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.9 g |
Leucine (Leu, L) | 0.55 g | 23.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 2.4 g |
Phenylalanine (Phe, F) | 0.33 g | 21.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 1.6 g |
Methionine (Met, M) | 0.13 g | 14.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the WHO-Protein-2002: 0.93 g |
Vitamins | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Vitamin A, as RAE | 1'324 µg | 166.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 µg |
Vitamin K | 108 µg | 144.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 75 µg |
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) | 1.2 mg | 86.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | 0.81 mg | 58.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.4 mg |
Niacin (née vitamin B3) | 8.7 mg | 54.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 16 mg |
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | 31 mg | 39.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 80 mg |
Vitamin E, as a-TEs | 3.1 mg | 26.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 12 mg |
Folate, as the active form of folic acid (née vitamin B9 and | 51 µg | 26.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 200 µg |
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) | 0.96 mg | 16.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 6.0 mg |
Thiamine (vitamin B1) | 0.08 mg | 7.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.1 mg |
Vitamin D | 0 µg | < 0.1% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 5.0 µg |
Essential macroelements (macronutrients) | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Potassium, K | 1'870 mg | 94.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2'000 mg |
Magnesium, Mg | 88 mg | 23.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 375 mg |
Phosphorus, P | 159 mg | 23.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 700 mg |
Sodium, Na | 91 mg | 11.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 mg |
Calcium, Ca | 45 mg | 6.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 800 mg |
Essential trace elements (micronutrients) | per 100g |
2000 kcal The numbers show the percent of the recommended daily value for a person who consumes 2000 cal per day. This number is for one serving of the recipe. A person normally eats multiple times a day and consumes additional nutrients. You can get all of the nutrients you need over a longer period of time and in this way ensure a healthy balance. |
---|---|---|
Iron, Fe | 6.0 mg | 43.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 14 mg |
Manganese, Mn | 0.82 mg | 41.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 2.0 mg |
Copper, Cu | 0.23 mg | 23.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 1.0 mg |
Zinc, Zn | 1.0 mg | 10.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 10 mg |
Selenium, Se | 3.5 µg | 6.0% Recommended daily allowance according to the EU: LMIV-2011: 55 µg |
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